English Heritage

Red-sandstone Brougham Castle stands near the site of a Roman fort, guarding a strategic river crossing.

A formidable barrier against Scots invaders, Brougham Castle was founded in the early 13th century by King John’s agent, Robert de Vieuxpont. His great keep dominates the castle, surrounded and reinforced by buildings added by the powerful Clifford family, lords of Cumberland and Wardens of the Marches.

These include the unusual double gatehouse and impressive Tower of League. There’s a lot to explore; climb the spiral stairs to the keep top for panoramic views over the Eden Valley.

After falling into decay after 1617, Brougham was restored by the indomitable Lady Anne Clifford. Inside, there’s an exhibition about her remarkable life, and her Countess Pillar is nearby.